Responding To Critcisms About The Growth Of The Church

Negative information about the growth of the Church exists on the Internet, much of which is exaggerated or misinformed. Most of this information comes from Anti-Mormons who use it as a means to try to disprove the validity of the Church, attempting to shake the testimonies of faithful members of the Church while propagating negative attitudes towards the Church from those outside of the Church.

On the other hand there are claims made by some members of the Church concerning its growth which are exaggerated and undocumented while at the same time ignoring problems which may be occurring. The purpose of this post is to provide an accurate summary and analysis of the overall growth of the Church, particularly concerning what the leaders of the Church state concerning it, and dispelling false or biased claims concerning this subject. If you wish to provide any comments or suggestions about this topic, feel free to comment. I do not provide many references in the post, but I can provide desired references to readers upon request as a comment.

Criticisms of Growth

Zero Growth Theory: This attack on the Church is directed towards the growth of Church membership. Critics state that the number of those who join the Church is equal to the number which leave the Church. This theory rationalizes new congregations and stakes organized to membership redistribution and assumes that this results in no increase in congregations due to areas Church members are vacating (unless the number of members per congregation declines). Oftentimes critics site other fast growing Christian groups (such as Seventh-Day Adventists, Pentecostals and Jehovah's Witnesses) to challenge claims made by some members of the Church that it is the fastest growing Church. Many of the other criticisms towards Church growth are derivatives of this one.

Lack of Devotion Theory: Critics claim that in areas where the Church is growing at a rapid pace both in terms of membership and activity that the devotion of the members is not strong. They believe that the Church is poorly understood and if it were properly understood growth would not occur. This theory also supposes that growth will ultimately stop and result in few active members of the Church and the weakening of the Church in the given area. Examples from Latin America are usually used to illustrate this theory.

The Internet Slows Church Growth Theory: Many critics of the Church believe that a rise in Internet usage is correlated to a decline in the growth of the Church. These beliefs stem from the wide body of Anti-Mormon literature available on the Internet, which is available in many of the world's languages. This theory assumes that people become uninterested in the Church as a result of negative information read online, thus becoming unreceptive to the message of the Gospel. This theory also ignores favorable information about the Church on the Internet, particularly in the form of Church owned websites, many online newspapers and personal blogs.

False Assertions By Members of The Church About Growth

All Is Well In Zion Claim: Some members of the Church believe that the growth of the Church has nothing to do with them and just happens. As members of the Church we know that missionary work and the Church itself are in the hands of the Lord, but that does not mean that we do not have a responsibility to share the Gospel. This kind of mentality also results in dismissing important and serious challenges for growth the Church faces in certain areas of the World. When some Church members encounter large wards in the United States, many of which grow rapidly in membership from new move-ins, they justify this thinking.

Exponential Growth Claim: Some members of the Church believe that the Church is growing exponentially and at such a fantastic rate that we as a Church cannot meet all of the needs that such growth merits. While it is true that there are many issues which challenge us with the growth the Church has seen, this claim in inflated and generalized to include the Church throughout the World with the exception of Western Europe.

All of these claims and theories have some truth to them but each one has serious problems with what in reality is occurring in the Church around the world.

Responding To Criticisms and False Assumptions

Church membership has increased every year since 1858. Church membership currently increases by about 300,000 every year and last year increased by 314,510 people. The number of converts that join the Church every year is usually between 250,000 and 300,000. Children on record increase has been around 100,000 a year. If you put all these factors together membership has been increasing at a linear rate for about the past 20 years.

One of the greatest ways to look for growth in terms of activity and devotion of Church members is through the creation of new congregations. In order for congregations to function, particularly wards and stakes, there needs to be a certain number of active members of the Church willing to serve in different callings. For example, most new stakes created today require at least 120 active Melchizedek Priesthood holders that are full-tithe payers. Congregation size can vary from fewer than 10 active Church members to 400 active Church members. The average branch has 30 to 70 active members while the average ward has 80 to 250 active members. While not a perfect indicator, the average number of Church members per congregation can give insight into activity rates. However an increase in congregations indicates that either the needs of the Church membership cannot be met by the existing congregations in an area or that the Church is expanding into areas in which it has not functioned previously.

There were a few periods between the 1970s and the 1990s where we saw many new stakes created. Some years had over 100 stakes organized, such as the years between 1978-1981 and 1995-1997. It is important to note that during these periods of impressive increases in the number of stakes and congregations, the size of the stakes and congregations tended to be smaller than today in order to give members more opportunities for leadership and callings. The number of congregations per stakes continues to increase. For instance in 2000 there were an average of 6.97 wards per stake. In 2008 this average increased to 7.17 wards per stake. If the average number of wards per stake was the same in 2008 as it was in 2000, there would have been an additional 80 stakes created in 2008. During this eight year time period the average number of branches per stake dropped from 1.58 to 1.46 branches per stake. Small stake and congregation size was one of the reasons for why so many stakes were discontinued and consolidated in the early part of this decade in Chile, where 42 stakes were discontinued and either were consolidated with neighboring stakes or turned into districts. Currently we usually have between 25 and 50 new stakes created each year.

As for congregations, the Church currently grows by 250 to 450 congregations a year. During the years we saw impressive gains in new stakes, we also saw impressive gains in congregations. Some years had over 1,000 congregations created such as 1979, 1980, 1992, and 1997. Many of these congregations that were created in the 1990s were consolidated in Latin America between 2001 and 2003 in order to strengthen the stakes, wards and branches, many of which stressed active members and leadership. Large increases in congregations in 1979, 1980 and 1997 were partly due to the Church moving into many areas it had not existed before.

Today there are much stricter standards set forth for new congregations. Instead of branches being organized in areas where the Church has not functioned before, groups or dependent branches are first organized and then allowed to become branches or wards once they become more self sustaining. This was not the case during periods of rapid growth in congregations in the 1970s and 1990s, when many branches organized only had a handful of local members. Groups and dependent branches are not reported in statistics given at General Conference. If these groups and dependent branches were made into independent branches or wards, we would see many more congregations being created a year. The past couple years in particular we have seen many groups and dependent branches organized in Africa and Eastern Europe. If we continue to see these groups and dependent branches organized systematically we can expect to see the number of new wards and branches created increase as older units turn into independent branches and wards.

Some of the strongest growth the Church currently experiences is actually in the United States. There have been at least 150 new congregations created each year in the United States for the past couple decades. The percentage increase for membership and congregations has nearly been the same for the past several years. Membership in the United States has increased by 43.1% from 1989 but congregations has increased by 54.5% since 1989. This indicates that, unless the number of active members per congregation has decreased, retention and activity are remaining constant or are perhaps improving.

In the United States one of the greatest issues I believe that needs greater attention from the general membership of the Church is the issue of youth in the Church transitioning into young adulthood. If people stop attending Church meetings and become less active or leave the Church altogether it often occurs in young adulthood once they are away from parents and Church leaders with whom they have grown up. The greatest way to curtail this problem is by teaching youth how to have their own spiritual experiences as well as habits which will strengthen their growing testimonies of the Gospel. I also believe many parents have neglected their roles in encouraging their children to partake of the blessings of active membership in the Church once they become independent.

As for membership redistribution, this occurs in the United States primarily in Utah and California. Both of these states have seen members of the Church moving away from the larger cities into the suburbs and nearby towns. In Utah only three stakes have been discontinued due to a shift in membership distribution while California has seen a dozen or so stakes discontinued in the past two decades. Currently both California and Utah have more congregations than in 2000, indicating that both Church growth and redistribution of membership are occurring. Most areas of the United States see steady increases in membership and in the number of congregations, evidenced by the steady number of new congregations and members added to the Church every year. The United States typically increases by about 100,000 members and 150-350 congregations a year.

Much of the current inactivity problems, which are most acute in areas of Latin America and Eastern Asia, are the result of converts joining the Church with little teaching and little time to develop regular Church attendance. Furthermore a large portion of the converts of the Church are under the age of 18, which creates great opportunities to have young converts grow up in the Church while at the same time challenging local leadership to take care of so many spiritual needs. These local leaders themselves often have had very little training and experience with leadership, which can result in less effective or non-existent retention programs. It should also be acknowledged that many of these new leaders in the Church are trying their very best and the Church has developed training broadcasts and other means to help educate and train local leaders to reach their full potential as a leader of the Church in an area where the Church is young. Oftentimes some of these areas of the Church rely too heavily on missionaries for the Church's functioning.

It is true that some Christian churches grow more rapidly than the LDS Church in terms of percentages or numbers. Nearly all these churches have a million or fewer adherents or have three-quarters of more of their membership outside the United States. Just because as members of the Church we believe The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the Lord's one true Church does not mean that we have to be the fastest growing. Elder M. Russell Ballard of the Quorum of the 12 Apostles stated “The Lord has never given us a mandate to be the biggest Church — in fact, He has said our numbers will be comparatively few — but He has asked that we commit ourselves to living and sharing the gospel of Jesus Christ.”

It is difficult to say whether the Internet has had a positive or negative effect on the Church. Missionaries around the world often report of recent converts who learned about the Church through the Internet. On the other hand there are many who become disinterested in the Church once they encounter sites that portray the Church in a negative light. To say that the Church's growth overall has been stunted because of the rise of the Internet is unsupported.

Conclusion

President Hinckley said the following concerning the growth of the Church in the October 2005 General Conference. "The growth of the Church from its infancy to its present stature is phenomenal, and we have only scratched the surface." We can expect the Church to continue to grow. There have been years past which we have seen more stakes and congregations created, more converts baptized and more missionaries serve than present. Church growth in terms of membership and the number of congregations has increased at a linear rate for the past couple decades. Serious challenges remain for the Church in terms of the reactivation of inactive members and convert retention in many places of the world. There also remain many areas of the world in which the Church is not established.

Rapid Church Growth In Ghana

Some of the strongest, most recent growth of the Church in Africa has occurred in Ghana. Currently there are seven stakes in Ghana. The first stakes were organized on April 21st, 1991 in Accra and Cape Coast by Elder Packer and Elder Faust. In 1997 the third and fourth stakes were created in Takoradi and Accra respectively. The Kumasi Ghana stake was the fifth stake, organized in 1998. The last two stakes to be created in Ghana were in Tema (on the outskirts of Accra where the MTC is for West Africa) in 2006 and Accra in 2007. There are also five member districts in Ghana (which I provided with the year they were created). They are in Asamankese (1987), Assin Foso (1987), Swedru (1989), Koforidua (1995), and Nkawkaw (2007).

A second mission for Ghana was created in Cape Coast in 2007. Missionaries reported that one of the purposes of the new mission was to facilitate inland member districts with becoming stakes. The temple in Accra was dedicated in the beginning of 2004. Since the dedication of the temple we have seen a marked increase in baptisms and new congregations organized. At the end of 2003 there were 23,738 members and 74 congregations. At the end of 2008 membership rose to 38,224 organized into 99 congregations. For the five year period before the temple was dedicated membership increased only by about 8,000 and congregations increased by 17.

This year the Church has created many new congregations in Ghana. In an article about a stake conference held in Kumasi, allAfrica.com stated the following:

The Kumasi Stake President of the Church, Mr. Richard Samche, noted that currently, the Church had about 3,000 congregations, with about seven units in the Kumasi metropolis, and said plans were being made to extend its branches to other towns outside the capital to make it more accessible to people who wish to join the Church.

A member of the Church visited Accra for a month stated the following about a recently held stake conference there on her blog:

Today was my last day going to church here. It was stake conference and
they changed the boundaries and got new bishops for new branches being
formed.

Granted branches have branch presidents and not bishops, but this quote further indicates the rapid growth currently occurring in Ghana, especially around Accra. This year there have been at least 20 new congregations created in Ghana. Many groups or dependent branches are also functioning. I have not found any information about how close any of the districts in the country are to becoming stakes, but a couple of the stakes are close to splitting. The Ghana Cape Coast Mission reported that they are receiving dozens more missionaries in the coming months, resulting in many new proselyting areas opening. I have not heard if baptisms are higher this year than usual.

Even with new branches and more missionaries entering the country there remain large areas of the country in which the Church is not established. These areas include the Brong-Ahafo, Northern, Upper East, and Upper West provinces as well as the northern half of the Western province and the entire Volta province outside of the city Ho. These areas' population total a little over seven million of the 23.5 million people in Ghana.

A Portait of Mormons in the U.S.

The Pew Forum wrote an excellent article about the demographics of the Church in the United States. Topics such as membership distribution, social attitudes and member activity are discussed. The article can be found here.

District Dissolved In Jamaica

A second district was discontinued in Jamaica. The Linstead Jamaica District was dissolved and had three branches. There are now two districts in Jamaica preparing for the first stake to be organized in the country. Mission leadership likely discontinued the district in order for greater emphasis to be placed upon the individual branches.

New Stake In Colombia

A new stake was created in Colombia at the end of June. The Duitama Colombia Stake was created from the Duitama Colombia District and includes five wards and one branch. There are now 28 stakes and 12 districts in Colombia. With the creation of the Duitama Colombia Stake there have been 18 new stakes created just in the month of June.

Out of the seven stakes organized in Colombia in the past 10 years, six where created from districts. The Church continues to have districts in some large cities, several of which are close to become stakes. The Church has been established in nearly all the major cities in the country but continues to struggle to have growth in the largest cities. Three stakes have been discontinued in 1998 (Barranquilla Colombia Cevillar), 2000 (Ibague Colombia) and 2008 (Cali Colombia Jardin). North American missionaries are now called to the country much more regularly and in greater number than in the past decade or two. This will hopefully result in greater growth of the Church in Colombia, which is the country in Latin America with the lowest percentage of those who are LDS at one member per 275 people. The population of Colombia is about 45 million and there are over 160,000 members of the Church.

New Stake In Brazil

A new stake was created in the Brazilian state of Ceará. The Fortaleza Brazil Castelão Stake was created by a division of the Fortaleza Brazil South Stake and includes five wards. The Fortaleza Brazil Castelão Stake is the 11th stake with the name of the city Fortaleza in its name and the 13th stake in the metropolitan area. With so many stakes in the city it is likely the next new temple announced in Brazil will be in Fortaleza. Church growth has been some of the most rapid seen in Brazil, with four new stakes organized in the city since 2005. Fortaleza is also the city in the world with the most stakes without a temple. The new stake becomes the 227th stake in Brazil. Below is a map of the Fortaleza area.


View Stakes and Districts of Northern Brazil in a larger map

New Stake In The Philippines, District Dissolved in Brazil, Likely New Districts In Brazil

New Stake In The Philippines

A new stake was created on the Philippine island of Negros. The Sagay Philippines Stake was created from the Sagay Philippines District a couple weeks ago, becoming the seventh stake on the island and the 79th in the Philippines. The new stake includes four wards around the city of Sagay and three branches in villages around the city. There are now 85 districts in the Philippines.

Hopefully more of the 85 presently existing districts become stakes in the coming months and years. Many are working very hard for that goal such as the districts in Dumaguete and Naic, according to senior missionaries. I do not think we will see very many new districts organized in the the Philippines in the coming months. I imagine that a district will be created soon in the city of Baler, which is one of the only cities in the Philippines with multiple branches not part of a district or stake.

District Dissolved In Brazil

The Ariquemes Brazil District was discontinued. The district only had two branches in Ariquemes and Ji Parana and was created in 2004. Ariquemes in located in the state of Rondonia, which has one stake in Porto Velho and a district in Vilhena (which only has a couple branches).

Potential New Districts In Brazil

We are likely to see several new districts organized in Brazil in the coming months. There are now three mission branches north of Cuiabá in the state of Mato Grosso in the cities of Lucas do Rio Verde, Sinop and Sorriso. There are also two mission branches in the city of Gurupi (in the state of Tocantins) which, if another branch is organized in the city, will likely be organized into a district. In the southern portion of Bahia there are now four mission branches in the cities of Teixeira de Freitas, Eunapolis, Porto Seguro, and Santa Cruz Cabralia, some of which will likely be included in a future district based in Porto Seguro. In western Paraiba, a branch was just organized in the city of Cajazeiras which could be included in a potential district including the city of Sousa. Two branches are also in the city of Vitoria de Santo Antao which could become a district if another branch is organized or if units are taken from neighboring districts and stakes in the state of Pernambuco. Lastly a mission was just organized in northern Brazil in Teresina which will allow for dozens of cities, currently without a congregation, to open for missionary work and in the coming years, allowing for future growth in districts in this area of the country.

Last year three districts were created in Brazil in the cities of Caruaru, Mamanguape and Planaltina.

New District In South Africa

A new district of the Church was created in South Africa last Sunday. The Bloemfontein South Africa District was created from the Johannesburg South Africa Stake. The new district likely includes the Bloemanda, Bloemfontein, Botshabelo, and Thaba Nchu branches. I am not sure if branches from Lesotho and Kimberley are also included in the new district. There are now 11 stakes and three districts in South Africa.

We are likely to see more districts organized in South Africa in the months and years to come. There are nearly half a dozen mission branches scattered north of Johannesburg which could become a district. There are also a few branches around Klerksdorp, which is about 70 miles southeast of Johannesburg, which are part of one of the stakes in the Johannesburg area. There are other cities which are beginning to have multiple branches that are 50 miles or so away from the rest of the units in the stake or district the city belongs to. President Mann of the South Africa Durban Mission reported that about half a dozen or so new branches would be created in the coming months, most of which in the outskirts of the established stakes and districts in the mission.

New Stake In México

A new stake has been created in the Mexican state of Sonora. The San Luis Río Colorado México Stake was created last Sunday and includes five wards in the city of San Luis Río Colorado. The city of San Luis Río Colorado sits right on the border with the United States. The district in the city was originally organized back in 1990. If a temple were announced for Tijuana, it would likely serve members of the Church in San Luis Río Colorado as well as nine other stakes in the area. There are now 220 stakes and 35 districts in México.

I also received word from missionaries in the México León Mission that the Celaya México Stake will likely split into two stakes in August.

New Stake In Perú; 1,400 Stakes Outside the United States

A new stake was created in Lima, Perú. The Lima Perú La Libertad Stake was created from a division of the Lima Perú Callao and Lima Perú Maranga Stakes and has five wards. The Lima Perú La Libertad Stake becomes the third new stake organized in Perú this year and brings the total number of stakes in the country to 90. There are now 36 stakes just in the Lima metropolitan area. Some stakes which have grown large enough to split in the near future to create new stakes include the Lima Perú Puente Piedra and Lima Perú Canto Grande Stakes.

There are now 1,400 stakes outside of the United States and 1,445 stakes in the United States. During the month of June we have seen the creation of at least 14 new stakes, which is the most new stakes created in one month since the mid-1990s. We have not seen as many new congregations created in the United States this year as we have in years past, so hopefully we will see more congregations created in the latter half of 2009.